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Class 8 Unit-8 (Electricity & Magnetism)

  Unit-8 (Electricity and Magnetism) Magnet A magnet is a material that can attract certain metals, mainly iron, nickel, and cobalt . Magnets are widely used in daily life, such as in compasses, electric motors, speakers, and magnetic locks .   Properties of a Magnet 1. A magnet attracts magnetic materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt. 2. A magnet repels or attracts other magnets depending on the poles. 3. Magnet has two poles: o North Pole (N): Points toward Earth's north. o South Pole (S): Points toward Earth's south. 4. Magnetic effects are strongest at the poles. 5. A magnet loses its magnetism if heated, hammered, or cut improperly.   Types of Magnet: 1. Natural Magnets Definition: Magnets that are found naturally in the earth. Example: Lodestone . Characteristics: ü They are naturally magnetic without human intervention. ü Usually, they are irregular in shape. ü They can attract iron, cobalt, and...
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Class 7 Unit-5 (Life Processes)

  Unit-5 (Life Processes) Introduction Life processes are the essential functions that living organisms perform to maintain life, ensuring survival, growth, and reproduction.   Transportation The process of supplying required substances to the cells and transporting unnecessary substances from the cells to the related excretory organs is called transportation.   Transportation in plants Transportation in plants is the process by which water, minerals, and food are moved from one part of the plant to another . This helps the plant to grow and stay healthy. Transport of Water and Minerals: Done by xylem . Water and minerals are absorbed by roots from the soil and moved up to stems and leaves. This process is called upward transport . Transport of Food: Done by phloem . Food made in the leaves during photosynthesis is sent to all parts of the plant (roots, stems, fruits). This process is called translocation .   Transportation...
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