Class 5 Unit-4 (Classification of Organism)

 

Unit-4

Classification of Organisms

 

Exercise

 

D. Differentiate between:

1️⃣ Vertebrate and invertebrate

• Vertebrates have backbone.
• Invertebrates do not have backbone.

2️⃣ Pisces and amphibia

• Pisces (fishes) live only in water and have gills.
• Amphibians can live both in water and on land, and have lungs and moist skin.

3️⃣ Pisces and aves

• Pisces live in water, have fins and gills.
• Aves (birds) have feathers, wings, and can fly.

4️⃣ Amphibian and reptile

• Amphibians have moist skin and live both in water and on land.
• Reptiles have dry, scaly skin and mostly live on land.

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E. Give reasons:

1️⃣ Fishes have fins.
👉 To swim and maintain balance in water.

2️⃣ Fishes have gills.
👉 To breathe oxygen dissolved in water.

3️⃣ Birds have pneumatic bones.
👉 To make their body light and help them in flying.

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F. Very short answer type questions:

1️⃣ Name any two invertebrates.
👉 Earthworm, spider.

2️⃣ Write any two vertebrates.
👉 Cow, dog.

3️⃣ Name any two pisces.
👉 Rohu, shark.

4️⃣ Give names of any two amphibians.
👉 Frog, toad.

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G. Short answer type questions:

1️⃣ Write any two characteristics of pisces.

• Have fins.
• Have gills to breathe.

2️⃣ Enlist any two characteristics of amphibians.

• Live on land and water.
• Have moist skin.

3️⃣ Give any two characteristics of mammals.

• Have hair or fur on body.
• Give birth to young ones and feed milk.

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H. Long answer type questions:

1️⃣ Observe a drawing of an animal (bird shown).

a. Is the animal vertebrate?
👉 Yes, it is a vertebrate.

b. What are the main features in the body of this animal for flying purpose?
👉

• Presence of feathers.
• Light (pneumatic) bones.
• Streamlined body.
• Strong breast muscles.
• Wings for flying.

 

 

Next Exercise

D. Differentiate between:

1. Tap root and Fibrous root

Tap Root	Fibrous Root
It has one main thick root.	It has many thin roots of the same size.
Found in dicot plants.	Found in monocot plants.
Grows deep into the soil.	Spreads out near the surface of the soil.

Reason: Tap roots grow from a single main root, while fibrous roots grow in a bunch without a main root.

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2. Sepal and Petal

Sepal	Petal
Green part that protects the flower bud.	Colorful part that attracts insects.
Found at the base of a flower.	Found above the sepals in a flower.

Reason: Sepals protect the bud before it opens; petals attract pollinators after it blooms.

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3. Monocot and Dicot Plants

Monocot Plants	Dicot Plants
Have one seed leaf (cotyledon).	Have two seed leaves (cotyledons).
Parallel veins in leaves.	Net-like veins in leaves.
Fibrous root system.	Tap root system.

Reason: The number of seed leaves and leaf vein pattern helps identify monocots and dicots.

 

E. Give reasons:

1. Maize belongs to monocot.
   ➤ Because maize has only one seed leaf (cotyledon), parallel veins in leaves, and fibrous roots.
2. Beans belong to dicot.
   ➤ Because beans have two seed leaves (cotyledons), net-like veins in leaves, and a tap root system.

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F. Very short answer type questions:

1. Name three major parts of a plant.
   ➤ Root, stem, and leaves.
2. Write any two functions of root.
   ➤ (i) It holds the plant in the soil.
   ➤ (ii) It absorbs water and minerals.
3. List any two functions of stem.
   ➤ (i) It supports branches, leaves, and flowers.
   ➤ (ii) It carries water and food in the plant.
4. Enlist any two functions of leaves.
   ➤ (i) They prepare food through photosynthesis.
   ➤ (ii) They help in transpiration.
5. Name two types of seeds.
   ➤ Monocot and dicot seeds.

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G. Short answer type questions:

1. What are different parts of a plant?
   ➤ Root, stem, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds.
2. What are different parts of a leaf?
   ➤ Leaf blade (lamina), petiole, veins, and midrib.
3. Name the different parts of a flower.
   ➤ Sepal, petal, stamen, and carpel.

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H. Long answer type question:

1. Observe the given diagram of a plant.
   a. Name different parts of the plant and enlist their functions:

Part of Plant	Function
Root	Absorbs water and anchors the plant.
Stem	Supports the plant and transports water and food.
Leaf	Makes food by photosynthesis.
Flower	Helps in reproduction.
Fruit	Protects and carries seeds.

 

2. Draw tap root and fibrous root system. Write any two differences between them.

✅ Differences:

Tap Root System	Fibrous Root System
Has one main thick root.	Has many thin roots of equal size.
Grows deep into the soil.	Spreads out near the soil surface