Class 6 Unit-2 (Information & Communication Technology)

 

Unit-2

Information & Communication Technology

 

Page No. 31, 32

D. Differentiate between:

1.     Traditional technology and modern technology:

Traditional Technology	Modern Technology
1.     Based on old methods and local materials	1.     Based on advanced science and innovation
2.     Less efficient and more time-consuming	2.     Highly efficient and time-saving
3.     Requires manual labor	3.     Often automated or machine-based
4.     Example: Grinding spices on stone	4.     Example: Using a mixer grinder

 

2.     Local skills and modern skills:

Local Skills	Modern Skills
Passed down through generations	Learned through formal education or training
Focused on traditional occupations	Focused on technology, business, etc.
Example: Weaving Dhaka cloth	Example: Computer programming

 

3. Washing clothes using boiled/filtered ash-water and washing clothes using washing machine:

Traditional Method	Modern Method
Uses boiled or filtered ash-water	Uses detergent and washing machine
Done manually by hand	Done automatically by the machine
Time-consuming and labor-intensive	Saves time and effort

 

E. Give reasons:

1. Local technology engages community and creates jobs.
   → Because local technology is based on community knowledge and skills. It helps people make and use things locally, creating employment and supporting the local economy.
2. Modern technologies are displacing traditional skills and technologies.
   → Because modern technologies are faster, more efficient, and easier to use, people prefer them over traditional methods, which causes traditional knowledge and skills to be forgotten.
3. Even in the modern time, there is equal importance of local technology.
   → Because local technology uses local resources, is affordable, and supports cultural identity. It is also eco-friendly and useful where modern technology is not available.

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F. Very short answer type questions:

1. What is local technology?
   → Technology based on local knowledge, materials, and tradition.
2. What is modern technology?
   → Technology that uses advanced scientific knowledge and innovation.
3. Write the use of refrigerator.
   → To keep food and drinks cold and fresh for a longer time.
4. Write the use of chulesi.
   → Used for cooking food using firewood or other traditional fuels.
5. Name a traditional tool used for the preparation of ghee.
   → Madhani (butter churner)
6. Name a traditional tool used for the preparation of lemon pickle.
   → Mixture or silauto-lohoro (grinding stone)
7. Write the uses of belna and chauki.
   → Used for rolling dough to make roti or chapati.
8. What instrument is used to grind spices at home?
   → Silauto-lohoro or grinder (mixie)

 

G. Short Answer Type Questions

1. What are local and modern technologies? Clarify with examples.
   →
• Local Technology is based on traditional knowledge and uses locally available materials.
  Example: Silauto-Lohoro for grinding spices, Doko-Namlo for carrying load.
• Modern Technology uses advanced scientific tools and machines.
  Example: Mixer grinder, washing machine, computer.
2. Name any five tools used as local technologies.
   →
• Silauto-lohoro
• Doko-namlo
• Kodalo (spade)
• Hasiya (sickle)
• Chulesi (traditional stove)
3. Name any five tools used as modern technologies.
   →
• Electric rice cooker
• Mixer grinder
• Refrigerator
• Washing machine
• Tractor
4. Mention any five tools used in agriculture. Mention whether these tools are local or modern.

Tool	Local/Modern
Kodalo (Spade)	Local
Hasiya (Sickle)	Local
Tractor	Modern
Thresher machine	Modern
Doko	Local

 

H. Long Answer Type Questions

1. You have to prepare powder of chilli, cardamom, cumin, garlic, turmeric and coriander. How would you prepare:

a. Using traditional tools?
→ I would use silauto-lohoro or okhal-muslo to grind these items manually and make powder.

b. Using modern tools?
→ I would use a mixer grinder or electric grinder to quickly make fine powder of these spices.

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2. How are the following foodstuff prepared?
   Materials: Gundruk, Sinki, Mada, Mohi, Nauni, Ghee, Chhurpi, Masyaura, Chiuri ghee

Foodstuff	Preparation method
Gundruk	Ferment green leafy vegetables and dry them.
Sinki	Fermented radish tap root, sun-dried.
Mada	Milk curd from boiled milk.
Mohi	Butter milk, made by churning curd.
Nauni	Cream from milk.
Ghee	Made by heating butter (Nauni).
Chhurpi	Dried cheese, made from curd.
Masyaura	Ground pulses mixed with vegetables, dried in sun.
Chiuri ghee	Extracted by heating chiuri seeds.

 

3. Kuto, Kodalo and Hasiya are used in local technology. What are their partial replacements in modern technology?

Traditional Tool	Modern Replacement
Kuto	Power tiller or Tractor
Kodalo	Ploughing machine
Hasiya	Grass cutter or Harvester

 

 

Page No. 37, 38

C. Give Reasons:

1. Headphones should not be used for a long time.
   → Because using headphones for a long time can damage the ears and lead to hearing problems or ear pain. It can also cause stress and reduce awareness of surroundings.
2. Uses of mobile phone at late night can disturb the sleep.
   → Because the blue light emitted by mobile screens affects the brain and reduces the production of melatonin (a sleep hormone), which makes it harder to fall asleep and causes poor sleep quality.

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D. Very short answer type questions

1. What is smartphone?
   ➤ A smartphone is a mobile phone that has advanced features like internet access, touchscreen, and the ability to run applications.
2. What is mobile app? Give examples.
   ➤ A mobile app is a software application designed to run on smartphones and tablets.
   Examples: Facebook, WhatsApp, YouTube.

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E. Short answer type questions

1. What is mobile phone? Why is it called so?
   ➤ A mobile phone is a wireless device used for communication over long distances.
   It is called a mobile phone because it can be easily carried and used anywhere.
2. Write the uses of misuses of mobile.
   ➤ Uses:
• Communication through calls and messages
• Access to the internet and information
• Entertainment through games, music, and videos
• Online learning and banking

➤ Misuses:

• Wasting time on unnecessary apps
• Cyberbullying or harmful online behavior
• Health issues due to overuse
• Exposure to inappropriate content

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F. Long answer type questions

1. What are the differences between mobile phone and smartphone?
   ➤ Differences between Mobile Phone and Smartphone:

Features	Mobile Phone	Smartphone
Internet Access	Limited or no internet access	High-speed internet and Wi-Fi
Apps	Only basic apps like SMS and Call	Advanced apps like social media, games
Display	Small non-touchscreen display	Large touchscreen display
Operating System	No modern OS	Runs Android, iOS, etc.
Multimedia	Limited functionality	High-quality camera, music, and video

 

        2.     Smartphone can be used for online shopping and mobile banking. Write one paragraph                 regarding the function of these mobile.
➤ Smartphones are useful for many tasks, especially online shopping and mobile banking. With a smartphone, users can browse shopping websites or apps, compare prices, and order items from home. Similarly, mobile banking apps allow users to check their account balance, transfer money, pay bills, and recharge services easily and securely. These functions make smartphones a powerful tool in daily life.

 

Page No. 53

D. Differentiate between:

1. System software and application software

System Software	Application Software
Manages hardware and system tasks	Performs specific user tasks
Example: Windows, Linux	Example: MS Word, Photoshop

 

2. Spreadsheet and word file

Spreadsheet	Word File
Used for calculations and data analysis	Used for writing and formatting text
Example: Microsoft Excel	Example: Microsoft Word

 

3. Hardware and software

Hardware	Software
Physical parts of computer	Programs or instructions used by computer
Example: Monitor, Keyboard	Example: Windows OS, MS Word

 

E. Give reasons:

1. CPU of computer and human brain are analogous in communication.
   ➤ Because the CPU controls all operations in a computer just like the brain controls all functions in the human body. Both are central units for processing information.
2. PowerPoint multimedia has broad readership than word file.
   ➤ Because PowerPoint includes text, images, audio, and video, making it more engaging and easier to understand compared to plain text in a Word file.

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F. Very short answer type questions:

1. What is hardware in computer?
   ➤ Hardware is the physical parts of a computer that you can see and touch.
2. What is software in computer?
   ➤ Software is a set of instructions that tell a computer what to do.
3. What is word processor?
   ➤ A word processor is software used to type, edit, and format text documents.
4. What is multimedia?
   ➤ Multimedia is a combination of text, audio, images, animations, and videos used to present information.
5. Write an application of Excel.
   ➤ Microsoft Excel is used for data entry, calculation, and creating charts and graphs.

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G. Short answer type questions:

1. What is computer? What are the different types of computer?
   ➤ A computer is an electronic device used to process and store data.
   Types: Desktop, Laptop, Tablet, Smartphone, Server.
2. What type of computer is yours? Give reason for it.
   ➤ Example Answer: My computer is a laptop because it is portable, easy to carry, and has a built-in battery.
3. What is word processor? Give example.
   ➤ A word processor is a software application used to create and edit text documents.
   Example: Microsoft Word.
4. What are the components of computer?
   ➤ The main components of a computer are:
• Input devices (keyboard, mouse)
• Output devices (monitor, printer)
• CPU
• Memory (RAM, storage)

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H. Long answer type questions:

1. Mention familiar local technologies in your residence.
   ➤ Familiar local technologies include:
• Radio and television
• Mobile phone
• Electric rice cooker
• Water pump
• Biogas plant

 

        2.     What are modern technologies? Write the difference between local technology and modern         technology.
    ➤ Modern technologies refer to advanced tools and machines developed using scientific                 knowledge like computers, smartphones, and the internet.
Difference:

Local Technology	Modern Technology
Based on traditional methods	Based on scientific inventions
Less efficient and manual	More efficient and automatic

 

        3.     What is cellular phone? Write the bright and dark aspect of using mobile phone.
➤ A cellular phone is a portable device used for communication through mobile networks.
Bright aspects:

• Easy communication
• Internet access
• Learning and entertainment
  Dark aspects:
• Addiction
• Distraction from studies
• Exposure to harmful content

            4.     Write the working principle of computer.
➤ A computer works on the principle of Input → Processing → Output → Storage.

• It takes input through devices like keyboard or mouse.
• Processes data using CPU.
• Displays output on screen.
• Stores data in memory or storage device.

            5.     What are multimedia? Write its application.
➤ Multimedia is the integration of multiple forms of media like text, sound, images, animation, and video.
Applications:

• Education (e-learning videos)
• Entertainment (games, movies)
• Advertisement
• Communication (video calls, presentations)

            6.     What is spreadsheet? How are numerical values sorted in Excel?
➤ A spreadsheet is software used for organizing, analyzing, and storing data in tabular form.
In Excel, numerical values can be sorted in ascending (smallest to largest) or descending (largest to smallest) order using the Sort feature.