Class 7 Unit-2 (Information & Communication Technology)

Unit-2

Information & Communication Technology

 

Page No. 21 and 22

 

D. Give reasons:

  1. Sitting locally and acting globally is possible due to the development of ICT.
    • ICT (Information and Communication Technology) allows people to communicate and access information globally through the internet, video calls, emails, and other tools. This enables people to work or collaborate with others around the world while staying in one place.
  2. Cybersecurity is an important aspect of ICT.
    • Cybersecurity protects computers, networks, and data from unauthorized access, attacks, or damage. Without cybersecurity, ICT systems would be vulnerable to hackers, data loss, and cyber crimes.

 

E. Very short answer type questions:

  1. What are data?
    • Data are raw facts and figures that have no meaning on their own.
  2. What is information?
    • Information is processed data that has meaning and can be used for decision-making.
  3. What are analog and digital signals?
    • Analog signal is a continuous signal that varies over time.
    • Digital signal is a discrete signal that uses binary values (0 and 1).

 

F. Short answer type questions:

  1. What do you mean by information and communication technology?
    • Information and Communication Technology (ICT) refers to tools and systems used to handle information and support communication, including computers, the internet, mobile phones, and software.
  2. Give some examples of ICT tools.
    • Examples: Computer, internet, mobile phone, printer, scanner.
  3. Enlist traditional ICT tools.
    • Traditional ICT tools include radio, television, newspaper, and telephone.

G. Long answer type questions:

  1. What are information, communication, and technology? How are they interconnected?
    • Information is processed data that is meaningful.
    • Communication is the act of sharing or exchanging information.
    • Technology refers to tools and machines developed to solve problems or improve tasks.
      These three are interconnected as technology (like computers and the internet) helps in processing information and communicating it efficiently. ICT is a result of their integration.
  2. Information and communication technology is used in different sectors in Nepal. Explain the statement with appropriate examples.
    • ICT is used in various sectors in Nepal:
      • Education: Online classes, digital learning materials, and educational apps.
      • Health: Telemedicine, patient record systems, and health apps.
      • Agriculture: Farmers use mobile apps and internet services to get weather updates and market prices.
      • Banking: Online banking, mobile banking, and ATMs.
      • Government: E-governance services like online registration and public service updates.

 

 

Page No. 35, 36

C. Differentiate between:

  1. Internet and ISP

Internet

ISP

A global network that connects millions of computers.

Internet Service Provider – a company that provides access to the internet.

Used to browse websites, send emails, etc.

Provides users with a connection to access the internet.

 

            2.     ISP and Internet Consumer

ISP

Internet Consumer

A service provider that supplies internet connection.

A user who uses the internet services.

Example: WorldLink, Vianet.

Example: A person using YouTube or Google.

 

            3.     Email and Internet

Email

Internet

A service used to send and receive digital messages.

A network that connects computers and allows access to many services including email.

Needs internet to function.

Base system required for online services like email, browsing, etc.

 

D. Give reasons:

  1. Internet is essential for these days.
    • The internet is important today because it allows us to communicate, learn, work, shop, and access information quickly and easily. It supports education, business, and everyday life.
  2. Email reduces the consumption of efforts and time of human beings in communication.
    • Email is fast, cheap, and easy to use. It allows people to send messages instantly across the world, saving time and effort compared to traditional postal services.

 

E. Very short answer type questions:

  1. What is internet?
    • The internet is a global network that connects millions of computers and allows users to share information.
  2. Show the difference between web server and web page.

Web Server

Web Page

A computer that stores and delivers web content.

A document or file that is viewed in a browser.

Hosts many web pages.

Part of a website, displayed on the screen.

 

        3.     What are e-books?

  • E-books are electronic versions of books that can be read on digital devices like computers, tablets, or e-readers.

 

        4.     Name a supportive application which is required to open a book in PDF version.

  • Adobe Acrobat Reader.

 

        5.     Name any two types of email system that you know.

  • Gmail and Yahoo Mail.

 

F. Short Answer Type Questions

1. What is internet? Write its important applications.

The internet is a global network that connects millions of computers and devices worldwide to share information.
Applications of the internet:
- Email and communication
- Online education
- Online shopping
- Social media
- Information searching
- Online banking

 

2. Write the full form of ISP and URL.

- ISP: Internet Service Provider
- URL: Uniform Resource Locator

 

3. What are the advantages of e-books?

- Easily accessible from anywhere
- Portable and saves space
- Eco-friendly (no paper required)
- Can be stored in large numbers in a device
- Features like search, highlight, and zoom are available

 

4. Write the importance of email.

- Email is a fast, low-cost, and easy way to send and receive messages, documents, images, and more.
- It helps in business communication, education, and personal use.

 

5. What do you mean by strong password in email?

- A strong password is one that is difficult to guess or hack.
- It contains a mix of uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and special characters (e.g., P@ssw0rd!123).

 

6. Under what condition, is an email done as CC and BCC?

- CC (Carbon Copy): Used when the sender wants to send the same email to others and allow everyone to see who received it.
- BCC (Blind Carbon Copy): Used when the sender wants to send the same email to others without revealing the recipients’ names to each other.

 

 

G. Long Answer Type Questions

1. What are email, internet and browser? Highlight on their interconnection.

- Email: A method of sending and receiving messages electronically over the internet.
- Internet: A global network connecting millions of computers for sharing information.
- Browser: A software application used to access and view websites (e.g., Chrome, Firefox).
- Interconnection: Email services use the internet to send messages. A browser is used to open email websites (like Gmail, Yahoo). All three work together to make online communication possible.

 

2. Show your acquaintance with search engine, browser, web server, web pages and URL.

- Search Engine: A tool used to find information on the internet (e.g., Google, Bing).
- Browser: Software that allows users to view web pages (e.g., Chrome, Firefox).
- Web Server: A computer that stores and serves web pages to users.
- Web Page: A document on the web that contains text, images, or videos.
- URL: The address of a web page on the internet (e.g., https://www.example.com).
These tools work together to help us access and find information online.

 

3. What are the limitations of email?

- Spam or junk emails
- Requires internet access
- Risk of hacking or data theft
- Sometimes messages may be misunderstood without tone or emotion
- Limited storage space in some email accounts

 

 

Page No. 56

 

D. Differentiate between:

  1. System Software vs. Application Software

System Software

Application Software

Helps run the computer hardware

Helps users do specific tasks

Examples: Windows, Linux, macOS

Examples: MS Word, Excel, Tux Paint

Runs in the background

Runs only when opened by the user

 

  1. Spreadsheet vs. MS Word File

Spreadsheet

MS Word File

Used to organize data in rows/columns

Used to create and edit text documents

Performs calculations using formulas

Mainly used for writing and formatting

Example: Microsoft Excel

Example: Microsoft Word

 

E. Give reasons:

  1. Why should a computer be provided with antivirus installation?
    → To protect it from malware, viruses, and harmful programs that can damage data and slow down performance.
  2. Why is system software less interactive for users compared to application software?
    → Because system software works in the background and is meant for managing hardware and system operations, not direct user tasks like typing or drawing.

F. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

  1. What is a spreadsheet?
    → A spreadsheet is a software used to organize data in rows and columns, perform calculations, and create charts.
  2. What is the fundamental difference between software and program?
    → A program is a single set of instructions. Software is a collection of programs designed for a task.
  3. What is cybercrime?
    → Cybercrime is illegal activity done using computers or the internet, like hacking or stealing online data.

G. Short Answer Type Questions:

  1. Write the uses of spreadsheet.
    → Spreadsheets are used for:
    • Making budgets
    • Storing and analyzing data
    • Creating charts and graphs
    • Performing mathematical calculations
  2. Which software is used to do specific tasks?
    → Application software (e.g., MS Word, Paint).
  3. Which software is used to control the operating system of computer?
    → System software (e.g., Windows OS, Linux).
  4. Write the features of system software:
    • Manages hardware and software resources
    • Starts and shuts down the system
    • Provides interface between hardware and user
  5. Write the features of application software:
    • Used to perform specific tasks
    • Easy to use and user-friendly
    • Includes programs like Word, Excel, Games
  6. Write the features of utility software:
    • Maintains and improves system performance
    • Examples: Antivirus, Disk Cleanup
    • Helps in backup and file management

H. Long Answer Type Questions:

  1. Write the applications of spreadsheet:
    • Budget planning
    • Payroll calculation
    • Exam result preparation
    • Graphical data representation
    • Inventory management
  2. How does a computer virus get spread into the host computer? What are the methods of prevention?

Virus spreads through:

  • Infected pen drives and CDs
  • Downloading unsafe files from internet
  • Email attachments
  • Pirated software

Prevention:

  • Install antivirus software
  • Don’t open unknown emails or files
  • Avoid pirated software
  • Keep software updated
  1. What is software? Mention types with examples.

Software:
→ Software is a set of instructions that tells a computer what to do.

Types:

  • System Software: Controls hardware (e.g., Windows OS)
  • Application Software: Performs user tasks (e.g., MS Word)
  • Utility Software: Maintains system (e.g., Antivirus)
  1. What is cybercrime? What are the code of conducts for using computer and internet?

Cybercrime:
→ Crime done using computers or the internet like hacking or stealing passwords.

Code of conduct:

  • Don’t steal or copy others’ work
  • Respect others online
  • Don’t share personal information
  • Use strong passwords
  • Avoid cyberbullying

 

  1. Write the importance of photo editing:
  • Makes photos more attractive
  • Removes unwanted objects
  • Adjusts brightness, contrast, and color
  • Used in advertisements and media
  • Helps in professional presentations

 

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